Warm-Up

Embryo	The dicotyledons embryo has two cotyledons.	Monocotyledons have one cotyledon.
Leaf venation	Leaf veins are reticulated (branched).	Leaf veins are parallel.
Flowers	Petals in multiples of four or five. May bear fruit ( if tree)	multiples of three
Secondary growth	Often present	Absent
Stem and vascular system	Bundles of vascular tissue arranged in a ring. The vascular system is divided into a cortex and stele.	Bundles of vascular tissue scattered throughout the stem with no particular arrangement, and has no cortex.
Pollen	Pollen with three furrows or pores	Pollen with a single furrow or pore
Examples	Legumes (pea, beans, lentils, peanuts) daisies, mint, lettuce, tomato, oak, tree, etc.	Grains, (wheat, corn, rice, millet) lilies, daffodils, sugarcane, banana, palm, ginger, onions, bamboo, sugar, cone, palm tree, banana tree,grass
Root Pattern	Taproot system	Fibrous roots
Presence or absence of wood	both herbaceous and woody	herbaceous
# of seed leaves	2 seed leaves	1 seed leaf

2. Stem tubers are produced by the stems of some plants. They are used by plants to over-winter and re-grow the next year and as a means of asexual reproduction. Example: ceropegia. A root tuber is an enlarged root that functions as a storage organ. Root tubers store nutrients over periods when the plant can not actively grow, thus permitting survival from one year to the next. Example: sweet potatoes. A bulb is an underground shoot that has modified leaves that are used as food storage organs by a dormant plant. A bulb contains food reserves to enable the plant to survive adverse conditions. Roots emerge from the underside of the base, and new stems and leaves from the upper side. Example: Onions. A tendril is a specialized stem or leaf with a threadlike shape that is used by climbing plants for support and attachment, generally by twining around whatever it touches. Example: garden peas.